| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| establish | v | /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ | 建立(動詞原形) | the establish reputation of the local company made it the first choice(the 之後、名詞之前不可接動詞原形) |
| establishment | n | /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ | 建立、機構(名詞) | the establishment reputation of the local company made it the first choice(名詞不可直接修飾另一個名詞 reputation) |
| established | adj | /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ | 已建立的、老字號的(形容詞) | the established reputation of the local company made it the first choice for new businesses opening in town ✓(形容詞修飾名詞 reputation,標準結構) |
| establishes | v | /ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz/ | 建立(第三人稱單數) | the establishes reputation of the local company made it the first choice(第三人稱單數動詞形式不可置於 the 之後修飾名詞) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| subject to | adj. phr.(正確) | /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt tuː/ | 視…而定、須經…核准 | The final launch date remains subject to approval from senior management ✓(最終上市日期,仍須視高層管理階層的核准而定,恰好呼應語境) |
| immune to | adj. phr. | /ɪˈmjuːn tuː/ | 對…免疫、不受…影響 | The final launch date remains immune to approval from senior management(不合邏輯搭配,不受影響與上市日期仍待核准的語境矛盾) |
| oblivious to | adj. phr. | /əˈblɪviəs tuː/ | 未察覺…的 | The final launch date remains oblivious to approval from senior management(不合邏輯搭配,未察覺與上市日期仍待核准的語境不符,oblivious主語通常須為人) |
| indifferent to | adj. phr. | /ɪnˈdɪfərənt tuː/ | 對…漠不關心 | The final launch date remains indifferent to approval from senior management(不合邏輯搭配,漠不關心與上市日期仍待核准的語境不符,indifferent主語通常須為人) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| apply | v. | /əˈplaɪ/ | 申請 | apply 意指申請,與句子描述營運總監,被要求說明產品上市時程,出現非預期延遲原因的語意不符 |
| settle | v. | /ˈsɛtəl/ | 解決、和解 | settle 意指解決、和解,與句子描述營運總監被要求說明產品上市時程延遲原因的語意不符 |
| qualify | v. | /ˈkwɑləˌfaɪ/ | 具備資格 | qualify 意指具備資格,與句子描述營運總監被要求說明產品上市時程延遲原因的語意不符 |
| account | v. | /əˈkaʊnt/ | 解釋、說明(原因) | account 於片語 account for 中意指解釋、說明(原因),恰好呼應句子描述營運總監,被要求說明,產品上市時程,出現非預期延遲原因的語意 |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | adj. | /hɑrd/ | (形容詞)堅硬的 | hard 是形容詞,tested the 之後須接名詞作受詞核心,形容詞不能擔任此角色,文法不合 |
| harden | v. | /ˈhɑrdən/ | (動詞原形)使變硬 | harden 是動詞原形,tested the 之後須接名詞作受詞核心,動詞原形不能擔任此角色,文法不合 |
| hardened | v. | /ˈhɑrdənd/ | (動詞過去式)已變硬 | hardened 是動詞過去式,tested the 之後須接名詞作受詞核心,過去式動詞不能擔任此角色,文法不合 |
| hardness | n. | /ˈhɑrdnəs/ | (名詞)硬度 | hardness 是名詞,可作 tested the ___ of the new alloy 的受詞核心,指工程師,在核准將這款新合金用於產品外殼之前,先測試了它的硬度,文法與語意皆正確 |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| transplant | v. | /trænsˈplænt/ | (動詞原形)移植 | transplant 是動詞原形,句首須接名詞作句子主詞,動詞原形不能擔任此角色,文法不合 |
| transplantation | n. | /ˌtrænsplænˈteɪʃən/ | (名詞)移植(作業) | transplantation 是名詞,可作句子主詞,指將數株成熟樹木,移植至全新辦公室中庭的作業,已於上週末完成,文法與語意皆正確 |
| transplanted | v-ed. | /trænsˈplæntɪd/ | (過去分詞)已移植 | transplanted 是過去分詞,句首須接名詞作句子主詞,過去分詞不能擔任此角色,文法不合 |
| transplantable | adj. | /trænsˈplæntəbəl/ | (形容詞)可移植的 | transplantable 是形容詞,句首須接名詞作句子主詞,形容詞不能擔任此角色,文法不合 |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| subdued | adj | /səbˈduːd/ | 平淡的、剋制的 | investors gave a subdued reaction to the company's product launch ✓(投資人對新品發表反應平淡,標準用詞) |
| subjective | adj | /səbˈdʒektɪv/ | 主觀的 | investors gave a subjective reaction to the company's product launch(語意不通,主觀的與反應平淡與否是不同概念) |
| submissive | adj | /səbˈmɪsɪv/ | 順從的 | investors gave a submissive reaction to the company's product launch(語意不通,順從的與反應平淡與否是不同概念) |
| substantial | adj | /səbˈstænʃl/ | 大量的、可觀的 | investors gave a substantial reaction to the company's product launch(語意矛盾,大量的、可觀的通常形容熱烈反應,與「平淡」矛盾) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| prevent | v | /prɪˈvent/ | 阻止 | The team will prevent its findings at the quarterly review(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| pretend | v | /prɪˈtend/ | 假裝 | The team will pretend its findings at the quarterly review(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| preside | v | /prɪˈzaɪd/ | 主持(通常接 over) | The team will preside its findings at the quarterly review(不合文法:preside 為不及物動詞,須接 over) |
| present | v | /prɪˈzent/ | 展示、報告 | The team will present its findings at the quarterly review ✓(團隊將於季度檢討時展示其研究發現,標準用詞) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rotate | v | /ˈroʊteɪt/ | 旋轉、輪替 | Staff must rotate each formula sample before it goes to testing(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| vibrate | v | /ˈvaɪbreɪt/ | 震動 | Staff must vibrate each formula sample before it goes to testing(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| imitate | v | /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ | 模仿 | Staff must imitate each formula sample before it goes to testing(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| annotate | v | /ˈænoʊteɪt/ | 標註、加註 | Staff must annotate each formula sample before it goes to testing ✓(同仁必須先為每份配方樣品標註,才能送交測試,標準用詞) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| compile | v | /kəmˈpaɪl/ | 彙整、編纂 | will compile first-year sales data at the upcoming meeting ✓(高層將在會議中彙整首年銷售數據,標準用詞) |
| comply | v | /kəmˈplaɪ/ | 遵守 | will comply first-year sales data(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| compete | v | /kəmˈpiːt/ | 競爭 | will compete first-year sales data(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| compress | v | /kəmˈpres/ | 壓縮 | will compress first-year sales data(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| obstruct | v | /əbˈstrʌkt/ | 阻礙 | The launch manager had to obstruct efforts across five different departments(語意相反:obstruct 指阻礙,與協調統籌方向相反) |
| oscillate | v | /ˈɑːsɪleɪt/ | 震盪、擺動 | The launch manager had to oscillate efforts across five different departments(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| originate | v | /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ | 發起、起源於 | The launch manager had to originate efforts across five different departments(不合邏輯搭配:originate 指發起單一事項,不指跨部門協調既有工作) |
| orchestrate | v | /ˈɔːrkɪstreɪt/ | 精心策劃、協調統籌 | The launch manager had to orchestrate efforts across five different departments ✓(上市專責經理必須協調統籌跨五個不同部門的工作,標準用詞) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| verbose | adj | /vɜːrˈboʊs/ | 冗長的;囉嗦的(語意相反) | verbose guidelines(語意相反:冗長 → 反而需要更多說明) |
| perspicacious | adj | /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkeɪʃəs/ | 有洞察力的;眼光敏銳的(描述人) | perspicacious guidelines(描述人的判斷力,不描述文件清晰度;語意不符) |
| perspicuous | adj | /pəˈspɪkjuəs/ | 清晰明瞭的;易理解的(指表達本身) | perspicuous guidelines ✓(與 without seeking further clarification 完全吻合) |
| ambiguous | adj | /æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ | 模糊的;有歧義的(語意相反) | ambiguous guidelines(語意完全相反:模糊 → 需要進一步說明) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| undermine | v | /ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/ | 削弱、破壞 | Early results undermine the case for continuing the transformation plan(語意相反:削弱而非支撐,與文意不符) |
| undergo | v | /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ/ | 經歷 | Early results undergo the case for continuing the transformation plan(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| underline | v | /ˌʌndərˈlaɪn/ | 強調、劃底線 | Early results underline the case for continuing the transformation plan(語意不夠精確:強調不等於成為支撐基礎) |
| underpin | v | /ˌʌndərˈpɪn/ | 支撐、構成基礎 | Early results underpin the case for continuing the transformation plan ✓(初步成果支撐了繼續推動轉型的理由,標準用詞) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| curl | v | /kɜːrl/ | 捲曲 | The board voted to curl spending on projects outside our main goal(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| curb | v | /kɜːrb/ | 抑制、控制(較常見於較短句構) | The board voted to curb spending on projects outside our main goal(語意可通但較不強調「大幅刪減」的程度) |
| curtail | v | /kɜːrˈteɪl/ | 削減、縮減 | The board voted to curtail spending on projects outside our main goal ✓(董事會投票決議削減非主要目標專案的支出,標準用詞) |
| curse | v | /kɜːrs/ | 詛咒 | The board voted to curse spending on projects outside our main goal(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pellucid | adj. | /pəˈluːsɪd/ | 清晰易懂的;明澈的 | pellucid 為正面詞,意為「文字清晰、毫無晦澀」,與 widely criticised / obscured 的批評語境完全矛盾 ✗ |
| turgid | adj. | /ˈtɜːrdʒɪd/ | 文體臃腫的;辭藻浮誇的 | turgid 意為「文章過度堆砌詞藻、語言臃腫失衡」,完美呼應 swollen with jargon and redundant adjectives 及 obscured 批評語境 ✓;turgidity n.臃腫;turgidly adv. |
| incisive | adj. | /ɪnˈsaɪsɪv/ | 犀利的;切中要害的 | incisive 為正面詞,強調分析或評論深刻精準,與批評文體的語境矛盾 ✗ |
| concise | adj. | /kənˈsaɪs/ | 簡潔扼要的 | concise 為正面詞,意為「用詞精簡有力」,與 dense paragraphs / redundant adjectives 描述完全相反 ✗ |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| outline | v | /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ | 概述、擬出大綱 | will outline several options before choosing a transition plan ✓(領導團隊將在選定計畫前概述幾個方案,標準用詞) |
| outlast | v | /aʊtˈlæst/ | 比……更持久 | will outlast several options before choosing a transition plan(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| outgrow | v | /aʊtˈɡroʊ/ | 長大到不再適合 | will outgrow several options before choosing a transition plan(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| outreach | n | /ˈaʊtriːtʃ/ | 外展服務(名詞,非動詞) | will outreach several options before choosing a transition plan(詞性不符:outreach 常作名詞,此處作動詞不合慣用法) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| determined | v | /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/ | 決定(過去式,非原形) | Engineers must determined which features matter most before the deadline(不合文法:must 後須接原形動詞) |
| determinable | adj | /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnəbl/ | 可確定的(形容詞,非動詞) | Engineers must determinable which features matter most before the deadline(詞性不符:determinable 為形容詞,不作動詞使用) |
| determine | v | /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/ | 判定、確定 | Engineers must determine which features matter most before the deadline ✓(工程師必須在截止日前判定哪些功能最重要,標準用詞) |
| determination | n | /dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃn/ | 決心(名詞,非動詞) | Engineers must determination which features matter most before the deadline(詞性不符:determination 為名詞,不作動詞使用) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| as opposed to | prep. phr | /æz əˈpoʊzd tuː/ | 相對於、而非 | welcomes walk-in visitors as opposed to larger groups call ahead(表對比而非附帶前提,且不能直接接完整子句) |
| for the purpose of | prep. phr | /fɔːr ðə ˈpɜːrpəs ʌv/ | 以……為目的(後須接動名詞,非子句) | for the purpose of larger groups call ahead(for the purpose of後須接動名詞,不能直接接完整子句,文法不合) |
| in spite of | prep. phr | /ɪn spaɪt ʌv/ | 儘管 | welcomes walk-in visitors in spite of larger groups call ahead(讓步邏輯且後接完整子句文法不合,語意亦不符) |
| on the understanding that | conj. phr | /ɒn ðə ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ ðæt/ | 在……的共識下、以……為前提 | welcomes walk-in visitors on the understanding that larger groups call ahead ✓(表『在此共同認知/前提下開放』) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| flexible | adj | /ˈflɛksɪbəl/ | 靈活的;可彎曲的 | entirely flexible(靈活,語意相反) |
| approachable | adj | /əˈproʊtʃəbəl/ | 平易近人的;可接近的 | entirely approachable(平易近人,語意相反) |
| transparent | adj | /trænsˈpærənt/ | 透明的;坦率的 | entirely transparent(透明,語意相反) |
| inscrutable | adj | /ɪnˈskruːtəbəl/ | 難以捉摸的;神秘的;不可理解的(C1) | entirely inscrutable ✓(立場難以捉摸/無法被游說影響) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| manage | v | /ˈmænɪdʒ/ | 帶領、管理 | The new lead engineer will manage the testing team starting Monday ✓(新任的首席工程師將從週一起帶領測試團隊,標準用詞) |
| massage | v | /məˈsɑːʒ/ | 按摩 | The new lead engineer will massage the testing team starting Monday(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| menace | v | /ˈmenəs/ | 威脅 | The new lead engineer will menace the testing team starting Monday(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| damage | v | /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ | 損害 | The new lead engineer will damage the testing team starting Monday(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| witness | v | /ˈwɪtnəs/ | 目睹 | A senior director will witness the new product launch team starting next Monday(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| shelter | v | /ˈʃeltər/ | 庇護、掩護 | A senior director will shelter the new product launch team starting next Monday(不合邏輯搭配,語意不符) |
| scatter | v | /ˈskætər/ | 使分散 | A senior director will scatter the new product launch team starting next Monday(語意相反:scatter 指使分散,與帶領團隊方向相反) |
| spearhead | v | /ˈspɪrhed/ | 帶頭領導、率領 | A senior director will spearhead the new product launch team starting next Monday ✓(一位資深總監將從下週一起率領新品上市小組,標準用詞) |
| 單字/片語 | 詞性 | 音標 | 主要意思 | 搭配用法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| oneself | pron | /wʌnˈsɛlf/ | 自己(泛指單數反身代名詞) | identify oneself ✓(與泛稱主詞each player一致的泛指反身代名詞,固定搭配identify oneself) |
| himself | pron | /hɪmˈsɛlf/ | 他自己(性別限定第三人稱反身代名詞) | identify himself(性別限定,與泛稱主詞each player不如oneself語域正式中立) |
| themselves | pron | /ðɛmˈsɛlvz/ | 他們自己(複數反身代名詞) | identify themselves(複數,與單數主詞each player不一致) |
| itself | pron | /ɪtˈsɛlf/ | 它自己(指物反身代名詞) | identify itself(指物,與指人的each player不符) |